In a medium bowl, toss together raw shrimp with next five ingredients (brown sugar through cayenne). Heat a large non-stick skillet over medium-high heat and spray with cooking spray. Add shrimp to pan in single layer and saute until pink, about 3 minutes. Flip shrimp and cook on other side additional 3 minutes; remove from heat.
In a large bowl, toss together arugula with beans, fennel, onion, lemon juice, olive oil, salt and pepper. Add shrimp before serving.